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Tin Sert language : ウィキペディア英語版
Tetserret language

Tetserret is a Berber language spoken by the Ait-Awari and Kel Eghlal n Ennigger Tuareg tribes of the Akoubounou (''Akabinu'') commune in Niger, between Abalak, Akoubounou, and Shadwanka.〔Lux 2011:21, 40〕 The variant spoken by the Kel Eghlal is called ''taməsəɣlalt''. The Tamasheq equivalent ''shin-sart'' / ''shin-sar'' / ''tin-sar'' is used in some older literature.〔Citations in Lux 2011:21〕 Popular understanding among some Ait-Awari derives the name ''tet-serret'', and its Tamasheq equivalent ''shin-sart'', from expressions meaning 'the (language) of Sirte'.〔Walentowitz and Khamed Attayoub, 2001:28〕
Tetserret is one of the last Berber languages to be recognised as distinct. As late as 1981, Bernus treated Tetserret as a dialect of Tuareg,〔"D’autres Touaregs parlent des langues qui ne sont que des variations dialectales du touareg : shin sar des Aït Awari, talasaghlalt des Kel Eghlal Enniger du sud de l’Azawagh". Bernus, E. 1981. ''Touaregs Nigériens : Unité culturelle et diversité régionale d’un peuple pasteur''. Paris: Orstom, p. 72.〕 and some early sources even confused it with the Northern Songhay languages.〔"L’étude des langues mixtes Songhay- Tamajaq parlées encore de nos jours dans la région – celles des tribus nomades de l’Azawagh : Igdalan, Aït Awari, Dahusahaq, Kel Eghlal Ninggər..." Marty, A. 1975. ''Histoire de l'Azawagh nigérien de 1899 à 1911''. Paris, mém. de l'EHESS, pp. 16-17.〕 The first published linguistic material on Tetserret was Drouin (1984), and only with Khamed Attayoub's (2001) thesis did it become clear how different Tetserret was from Tuareg.
Tetserret is the only surviving Berber language to share a number of sound shifts with Zenaga of Mauritania.〔Lux Cécile. Etude descriptive et comparative d’une langue menacée : le tetserret, langue berbère du Niger. Doctoral thesis, University of Lyon 2, 2011.〕〔Souag, Lameen. "The Western Berber Stratum in Kwarandzyey (Tabelbala, Algeria)", in ed. D. Ibriszimow, M. Kossmann, H. Stroomer, R. Vossen, ''Études berbères V – Essais sur des variations dialectales et autres articles''. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, 2010〕 It also has non-Tuareg vocabulary found in other Berber languages. For example, ''afagan'' (man) resembles Moroccan Tamazight; ''aiddid'' (goatskin container for water) resembles Ghadames; and ''awdosh'' (ox) recalls Hassaniya Arabic.
All speakers are bilingual in Tawellemmet Tamasheq, which has influenced their language.〔Lux 2011:52〕 As of 2011, Tetserret was no longer being spoken with children, and as such appears endangered.〔Lux 2011:54〕
==Literature==

* Drouin, Jeanette. 1984. Nouveaux éléments de sociolinguistique touarègue. Un parler méridional nigérien, la ''tamasaghlalt''. Paris Groupe Linguistique d'Études Chamito-Sémitiques, G.L.E.C.S.,XXIV-XXVIII (1979–1984), Geuthner, pp. 507–520.
* Khamed Attayoub, Abdoulmohamine. 2001. ''La tətsərret des Ayttawari Seslem : identification socio-linguistique d’un parler berbère non-documenté chez les touaregs de l’Azawagh (Niger)''. Mémoire de maîtrise dirigé par Salem Chaker. Inalco : Paris.
* Khamed Attayoub, Abdoulmohamine. Les mots du voyages chez les Touaregs Ayttawari Seslem. Quelques éléments lexicologues en ''tetserrét''. In ed. H. Claudot-Hawad, ''Voyager du point de vue d'un nomade''. Paris: Éditions Paris-Méditérranée, pp. 159–166.
* Lux, Cécile. 2011. (Etude descriptive et comparative d’une langue menacée : le tetserret, langue berbère du Niger ). Doctoral thesis, Université de Lyon-2.
* Walentowitz, Saskia & Abdoulmohamine Khamed Attayoub. 2001. (La tetserrét des Ayttawari Seslem: un parler proche du berbère "septentrionale" chez les Touaregs de l'Azawagh (Niger) ). ''Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord'' vol. XXIX, 2000-2001.

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